Hypertension

A steady increase in blood pressure is observed in approximately the increased population of the planet. In the risk group of arterial hypertension are people over 40, mostly men. Representatives of the opposite sex also suffer from this disease, but much less often and usually at an older age. In women, arterial hypertension usually occurs after 50 years, during menopause. This is due to the imbalance of hormones in the body due to the interruption of the production of sex hormones with the ovary.

Fortunately, modern medicine has a wide arsenal of cardiotropic drugs that allow you to control blood pressure in patients, thereby preventing the development of cardiovascular disasters, improving the quality of life and prognosis of patients. At the same time, an important role in the effectiveness of treatment is played by the patient's lifestyle, in all cases of the disease, it is recommended to reject bad habits, lowering body weight, moderate physical activity, restrictionconsumption of salt table

What is arterial hypertension

This is a steady increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure above 130 and 80 mm Hg. It can be independent (essential hypertension) and continue within the symptom of other diseases.

Hundreds of vascular in constant voltage change and lose their functions, this affects the work of the entire cardiovascular system. Therefore, it is important, with a continuous increase in blood pressure above 130/80 mm Hghe Hgoncost the doctor or cardiologist for the examination and choice of medicines for regular blood pressure control.

Depending on the pressure indicators, 3 degrees of arterial hypertension are distinguished. The first is characterized by an increase in systolic pressure to 160 mm Hg. Art. , Diastolic - up to 100 mm Hg. Art. The second is characterized by indicators up to 180 and 110 mm Hg. Art. , For the third - more than 180 and more than 110 mm Hg. Art. respectively. During the diagnosis, only one indicator is sufficient for the doctor to diagnose arterial hypertension and establish its degree.

Reason

The exhaustive list of factors provoking the disease does not exist, but scientists managed to create a direct dependence of arterial hypertension on some diseases, conditions and habits that include:

hereditary predisposition; prolonged stress; excess body weight; diabetes and other endocrine concerns in history; Kidney disease, adrenal glands; age -related changes in the circulatory system; too much salt consumption; the use of hormonal contraception; Abuse of alcoholic beverages, smoking; Uncontrolled use of nasal vasoconstrictive points, coffee abuse. lack of physical activity; old age.

Symptoms

Patients may not suffer any symptoms of arterial hypertension, with a continuous syndrome, due to the adaptation of blood vessels to high numbers of arterial pressure. From the characteristic signs of the disease, headache, non -systemic dizziness can be distinguished. The "flies" in the eyes, tides, periods of rapid heartbeat, nasal bleeding and noise in the ears can also be observed.

The signs listed above can be more or less pronounced, it depends on the individual characteristics of the human body. However, regardless of the degree of their manifestation, it is necessary in any case to seek medical help to normalize blood pressure, careful examination and to prescribe therapy.

If the pathology is not associated with any symptoms, this does not mean that it is not dangerous and does not affect the condition of the vascular walls. To detect asymptomatic hypertension in people from risk groups, it is recommended to regularly check the pressure using a tonometer.

With an increase in blood pressure above 140 to 90 mm Hg. Art. , As well as in the presence of clinical symptoms in the form of headaches, shortness of breath, heartache, nasal bleeding should be caused by the ambulance. Hypertonic crisis as a complication, the condition that requires urgent medical care. In such absence, the state can gain a threatening character of life and lead to serious complications and even the death of the patient.

Troubleshooting

When suspicious symptoms appear, first of all, it is important to visit a therapist or cardiologist. At the initial appointment, the doctor carefully examines the patient, measures blood pressure and collects an anamnesis.

The specialist clarifies the information needed to determine the examination and treatment tactics. It includes chronic concomitant diseases, drug intake, bad habits, inheritance in cardiovascular disease and the patient's physical activity.

The doctor then describes laboratory and instrumental studies. Clinical protocols are recommended to direct the patient to general clinical blood and urine tests, determine the level of glucose, electrolytes (potassium, magnesium, sodium), indicator of lipid profile, creatinine, urea, uric acid, TSH hormones, T3 andFree T4 to evaluate the function of the thyroid gland.

It is necessary to develop electrocardiography, echocardiography, daily monitoring of blood pressure (MAMD).  Send the patient to a doctor an ophthalmologist to examine bloody vessels. The presence of retinal angiopathy is one of their most important diagnostic criteria for hypertension.  

Treatment of arterial hypertension

The direction of therapy depends on the degree of arterial hypertension, the severity of the state, the causes of pathology and other factors. First of all, it is important to change your lifestyle: to abandon bad habits, tie regular training or long walks in the fresh air and abandon a large amount of salt. But in most cases, patients need regular use of drugs, daily monitoring of blood pressure.

In some cases, surgical intervention is required (for example, removal of neoplasm in the adrenal gland). If the pathological process is secondary (it is a consequence of an illness), treatment should be intended to eliminate the main disease.

Recommended medicine

The therapeutic scheme is developed for each patient individually. As a rule, the following tools are used for therapy:

ACE inhibitors. Such medicines reduce pressure by reducing total peripheral vascular resistance. They are first -line medicines and are released according to the doctor's prescription. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists have a similar mechanism of action, are described for intolerance to ACE inhibitors or in the presence of contraindications to them. Beta-blocker. They work due to blockage of β1-adrenergic receptors located in the heart. This leads to a change in heart intrigue, a decrease in the frequency and strength of the heart contractions, a decrease in pressure. Priority in patients with simultaneous heart rhythm disorders. Calcium antagonists. Their main property is the ability to reversible the movement of calcium in cell structures. The drug of this class is released according to the doctor's prescription. Sedatives. It is indicated when arterial hypertension provokes stress. Safe drugs based on plants include Novopassi, Motherwort, Valerian extract in a tablet form. Some vitamin-mineral complexes and additives can be useful.

There are contraindications. Consultation of a specialist is needed.

All medicines, doses and duration of administration must be determined by the attending physician. Most medicines are released into the pharmacy only by recipes, as with uncontrolled use can cause severe side reactions to death.

PREVENTION

Clinical recommendations for the prevention of arterial hypertension relate to the elimination of all existing factors that can provoke the development of the pathological process. First of all, it is recommended to minimize stressful situations, abandon bad habits, monitor body mass, limit saline, sharp, spicy products, regularly monitor pressure indicators, especially if there are risks of developing developmenthypertension associated with an inheritance factor

If essential hypertension is already diagnosed, the patient is prescribed antihypertensive medication for regular intake, followed by blood pressure control. Target indicators of blood pressure according to current clinical protocols<130/80 mm Hg